Stress Management free essay sample

Informatics College of Science and Technology. Faisalabad, Pakistan. E-mail. [emailprotected] com ABSTRACT Stress is a universal element and individuals in every walk of life have to face it. The employees working in different organizations have to deal with stress. Especially Bankers are under a great deal of stress due to many antecedents of stress. These stresses contribute to decreased organizational performance, decreased employee overall performance, decreased quality of work, high staff turnover, and absenteeism due to health problems such as anxiety, depression, headache and backache. Six components of job stress: Lack of administrative support, excessive work demand, problematic customer relations, coworker’s relationship, family work life balance and risky ness of job were examined in this study. The objective of the study is to explore the stress related problems of bankers and examine the relationship between stress and performance. And finally the impact of stress on employee performance. For this purpose 150 questionnairs were filled by the bankers from the district Faisalabad. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The results show that all the components of stress cause great stress in bankers and then decrease their performance. The previous study on banking sector of Pakistan conducted by Usman Basher and Muhammad Ismail showed that job stress signifincently reduce the performance of an individual. Another study on banking sector by jamshed, et al also showed the same results. Keywords: Job performance, Stress, Banks. INTRODUCTION Stress is a Common element in any kind of job and persons have to face it in almost every walk of life. Stress has been defined in different ways over the years. According to Robbins and sanghi (2006) â€Å"A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraints, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. † stress is an increasing problem in organizations and often cause adverse effects on performance. According to Kahn and Quinn (1970) â€Å"stress is the outcome of facet of the assigned work role that caused harmful effect for individual. Occupational stress is considered as harmful factor of the work environment. † It also has unpleasant effects on health of an individual as David (1998) contributed â€Å"it can also be labeled as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs  ©Society for Business Research Promotion | 38 www. ajbms. org ISSN: 2047-2528 Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences Vol. 1 No. 7 [38-47] of the workers. Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. According to ILO (1986)â€Å"It is recognized world-wide as a major challenge to individual mental and physical health, and organizational health. † Although stress includes both good and bad aspects but it is not necessarily bad. Robbins and sanghi (2006) also contributed â€Å"stress is typically discussed in a negative context, it also has a positive value. It is an opportunity when offers a potential gain. † Rubi na et at. , (2008) contributed the same â€Å"Stress is not always negative or harmful and indeed, the absence of stress is death. † But it still has destructive impact on employee performance. According to Usman and ismail (2010)â€Å"One of the affected outcomes of stress is on job performance. †so it needs to be studied. The purpose of study is (a) To explore the stress related problems of bankers. (b) To examine the relationship of stress and performance. (c) To suggest the measures for stress tolerance and to enhance work performance. LITERATURE REVIEW An individual in his or her job in bank face stress as Jamshed et al. ,(2011)suggested â€Å"The workplace is potentially an important source of stress for bankers because of the amount of time they spent in their respective banks. And that stress often decrease their performance. â€Å"Therefore occupation of individuals could be a major source of stress in the given circumstances. When individuals face stress due to various conditions of their occupation and fail to cope with stress, it results into burnout,† (ibdm). Basically in banking sector lack of administrative support from boss(manager), work over load time pressure, risky ness of job, poor relationship with customers coworkers, and work family balance cause stress which in turns decrease employee performance. The same was contributed by Materson (1980) â€Å"Causes of stress are many like work load, cuts in staff, change at work, long work hours, shift work, lack of supervision, inadequate training, inappropriate working conditions, too heavy responsibilities and poor relations with colleagues. † The same was identified by Ganster Loghan, (2005) â€Å"huge and multi fields literature points a lot of key factors such as work environment, management support, workload etc in determining how stressful the work can be and its effect on employee physical and mental health. In banking sector particularly higher management doesn’t realize the impact of stress on employee performance which ultimately results in critical managerial dilemmas as Subha and shakeel (2009) described â€Å"Higher level of stress existed with no managerial concern for solution consequently lowering the employee performance, staking organizational reputation and loss of skilled employees, these situations call for immediate concern from organization management for employing effective stress management practices to increase employee satisfaction and overall employee performance. Work overload time pressure to complete too much work in short span of time is big source of stress which decrease the performance of employees as Babak et al. ,(2010) studied â€Å"With excessive pressures, the job demands cannot be met, relaxation turns to exhaustion and a sense of satisfaction replaces with the feelings of stress, motivation sheds away and the workers start losing interest in the work and hence performance chart shows a negative trend. The performance of individuals also decreased when stress is caused by inability of individual to maintain a reasonable balance between family life and work life as he/she has to spend a lot of time in his/her working. McCubbin Figley (1983) suggested that â€Å"Job related stress can be mostly immobilizing because of its possible threats to family functi oning and individual performance. Job related stress can create a difference between demands on families and the ability of families to provide material security for them. † And that nability to maintain a reasonable balance between family life and work life results in work to family conflict which in turn cause stress and ultimately decreases the employee performance. According to Anderson ( 2002) â€Å"work to family conflicts is also a predecessor which creates stress in employees of an organization. †In banks the poor relationship among employees often cause stress and have adverse effects on the performance of employees. Lack of social support from colleagues and poor interpersonal relationships can cause stress especially among employees with a high social need. Margot Shields( 2006) suggested. different sources of work stress do not occur in isolation but indeed interact with one another. † Stress caused by degree of involvement in decision making is a big  ©Society for Business Research Promotion | 39 www. ajbms. org ISSN: 2047-2528 Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences Vol. 1 No. 7 [38-47] source of decrease in performance of individual as Meneze (2005) described â€Å"Misfit with organization, no part in decision making, were reported main causes of stress as well no control over work environment, personality traits, lack of relaxation along with ambiguous rules affect employees performance. The nature of job in banking sector is too much risky. There is operational risk involved in transactions which always put pressure on employees to avoid wrong entries. The employees in return feel job insecurity which cause great stress on them. jungwee park (2007) contributed â€Å"Physical exertion and job insecurity can also cause stress. † so job insecurity is also a major cause of stress on the job that negatively affect the performance of employees in the banking sector. Moderating variables are lack of administrative support, excessive work demand, problematic customer relations, coworker’s relationship, family work life balance and risky ness of job. And job stress has been taken as independent variable. The main purpose of the study is to identify the factors contributing job stress and the relationship between job stress and employee performance. Bank employees in this study refer to Brach level Managers, operational managers, supervisors and officers (credit officers, remittance officers, customer services officers and relationship officers). To achieve the objectives of the study 150 surveys were sent(through questioners) to 10 larger banks having branches in district Faisalabad. And all the banking companies are listed at Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan. The data were collected from following banks, The Bank of Punjab, MCB ,HBL, Habib Metro Politon Bank limited, Bank al Habib, Meezan bank, SILK bank, Allied bank, Askari Bank and Bank Alfalah. All the employees were aged between 20 to 60 years. Therefore 144 questionnaires were returned having response rate of 96%. The questionnaire using 5-Scale Likert (1=Highly Disagreed, 2=Disagreed, 3=somehow Agreed, 4=Agreed, 5=Highly Agreed) was design to test the impact of all the variables. For this study the questionnaire is divided into 2 sections demographics and job stress its impact on employee performance. The questionnaire cover all the variables such as lack of administrative support, excessive work demand, problematic customer relations, coworker’s relationship, family work life balance and risky ness of job.

Free Essays on PC Vs Mac

When you’re trying to pick out a new computer to buy, you are faced with many tough decisions. There are many different types of personal computers but they are all basically the same. On the other hand the there is the MAC where you do not have as many options but it very different from the personal computer. It is important that you know the history of the personal computer or PC, so that it may help you make the decision on what computer to purchase. Contrary to what you might think the history of the PC does not begin with Microsoft, IBM, or any of the other name brands that you might be used to. The first PCs to be sold on the market was the MITS Altair 8800 in 1975. That PC ran on a very slow processor known as the Intel 8080. This PC was pretty much useless until Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote a somewhat useful BASIC compiler which was also when the enormous corporation known as Microsoft was formed. In 1976 the first word processing program was written which made it possible to type on the PC for the first time. That was also the year that the 5.25† floppy drive was released which was great invention in the PC timeline. In 1977 Digital Research produced the first 8-bit operating system which helped make it possible for a MS-DOS to be released. That was also the year that the worlds first computer store opened. In 1978 the PC world began to really open up when software was starting to be released for the PC. The first software released was a spreadsheet program which made it possible to be used a business tool instead of just something to type and play videogames Justin Pryor Page 2 on. Although it was also the year Atari made their name known world wide in the video game industry. This was a very productive year for the PC because Epson also created the first dot matrix printer. A new type of software was introduced to the market in 1979 and it was known as the database. This was also the year that the PC was es... Free Essays on PC Vs Mac Free Essays on PC Vs Mac When you’re trying to pick out a new computer to buy, you are faced with many tough decisions. There are many different types of personal computers but they are all basically the same. On the other hand the there is the MAC where you do not have as many options but it very different from the personal computer. It is important that you know the history of the personal computer or PC, so that it may help you make the decision on what computer to purchase. Contrary to what you might think the history of the PC does not begin with Microsoft, IBM, or any of the other name brands that you might be used to. The first PCs to be sold on the market was the MITS Altair 8800 in 1975. That PC ran on a very slow processor known as the Intel 8080. This PC was pretty much useless until Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote a somewhat useful BASIC compiler which was also when the enormous corporation known as Microsoft was formed. In 1976 the first word processing program was written which made it possible to type on the PC for the first time. That was also the year that the 5.25† floppy drive was released which was great invention in the PC timeline. In 1977 Digital Research produced the first 8-bit operating system which helped make it possible for a MS-DOS to be released. That was also the year that the worlds first computer store opened. In 1978 the PC world began to really open up when software was starting to be released for the PC. The first software released was a spreadsheet program which made it possible to be used a business tool instead of just something to type and play videogames Justin Pryor Page 2 on. Although it was also the year Atari made their name known world wide in the video game industry. This was a very productive year for the PC because Epson also created the first dot matrix printer. A new type of software was introduced to the market in 1979 and it was known as the database. This was also the year that the PC was es...

3 Problems with Suspensive Hyphenation

3 Problems with Suspensive Hyphenation 3 Problems with Suspensive Hyphenation 3 Problems with Suspensive Hyphenation By Mark Nichol The grammatical convention known as suspensive hyphenation is employed when two or more adjacent and parallel phrasal adjectives, phrases that in tandem modify a noun that follows them, have a common element in the same position. Elision of one of the repeated words because it is clearly implicit is a common strategy, but misuse of suspensive hyphenation can complicate a sentence rather than simplify it, as the examples below demonstrate. (Each sentence is accompanied by a discussion and a solution.) 1. We help companies identify, manage, and resolve the business and technology related risks they face. This sentence contains two phrasal adjectives, â€Å"business related† and â€Å"technology related,† but because they share the second word, that word has been elided from the first phrase because it is implicit. However, because the phrasal adjectives precede the noun, they must be hyphenated, and a hyphen should follow business to clarify that an implicit word has been omitted: â€Å"We help companies identify, manage, and resolve the business- and technology-related risks they face.† 2. Most of these markets are little-known small- and midsize cities. Here, suspensive hyphenation has been erroneously introduced. Because small is not part of a phrasal adjective (the reference is to â€Å"small cities,† not â€Å"small-sized cities†), no hyphen should be attached to it: â€Å"Most of these markets are little-known small and midsize cities.† 3. The meeting was held to discuss risk-assessment and -management policies. Here, suspensive hyphenation is employed to elide the first word of a two-word phrasal adjective that has the same first word as an adjacent phrasal adjective. (Notice that in this case, the second instance of the first word has been omitted; compare this with omission of the first instance of a second word in common to two or more two-word phrasal adjectives.) The construction is technically correct but awkward and distracting, so it’s better to explicitly include the second instance of risk rather than elide it: â€Å"The meeting was held to discuss risk-assessment and risk-management policies.† Check out our latest YouTube video: How to Write a Reference Letter Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsAwoken or Awakened?9 Forms of the Past Tense

Medieval Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medieval Philosophy - Essay Example Thomas Aquinas. Al-Ghazali, after studying the rationalist philosophers became a mystic convinced that ultimate truth could be attained only through revelation. While other philosophers claimed that God dealt only with universals, Ghazali's God was concerned with the minutest details. Perhaps best known to the Western World were Ibn Sina, known in Europe as Avicenna (980-1037), and Ib Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Sina's numerous works, also rooted in Aristotle, greatly influenced medieval European philosophers such as Abelard, Albertus Magnus, and St. Thomas Aquinas. Ibn Rushd, born in 1126 in Spain, wrote about philosophy, mathematics, law, and theology, building upon his predecessors, al-Farabi and Ibn Sina. He was the last of the classical Muslim philosophers in Spain. Faith in the existence of human knowledge in all men marked his philosophy - which also had many similarities to that of Thomas Aquinas. The ninth century A.C. forms the golden period of the development of Islamic learning, when the Arabs were the real standard bearers of civilization. They not only saved Greek learning from total extinction but also made lasting contributions to almost all branches of knowledge and made considerable advancements in diverse spheres of human activity.

Social And Natural Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social And Natural Sciences - Essay Example A great contribution of positivism into philosophical and methodological explorative methods is considered further on the example of social and natural sciences. In sociology, positivism is the core paradigmatic methodology. Science and inquiry are two basic pillars of positivism. Still, it is very important to solve the major problem of social sciences, which concerns results finding on the basis of complex species research and study. The roots of Positivism can be traced in the French Enlightenment. The philosopher suggested combining natural sciences principles with social sciences. Comte claimed that religion was conquered by science. It was much important those times to refer to facts and laws, than to suppositions and considerations. Scientific knowledge is outlined by Comte in the following way: the stage of fictitious, metaphysical and scientific knowledge. The last stage of knowledge, scientific knowledge, is preferential for Comte. The development of all other stages, if su ccessfully implemented, would result in scientific knowledge emergence. These stages of knowledge can be also sought in Empiricism. This science is based on observable facts, claiming that logical and mathematical roots are in the background of the facts. The main principle of positivism should be also found in â€Å"positive† information, which can be obtained from a positive experience. A methodological paradigm of positivism consists of science and inquiry. An empirical exploration is of crucial importance for any science.  ... These stages of knowledge can be also sought in Empiricism. This science is based on observable facts, claiming that logical and mathematical roots are on the background of the facts. The main principle of positivism should be also found in â€Å"positive† information, which can be obtained from a positive experience. Therefore, a methodological paradigm of positivism consists of science and inquiry. An empirical exploration is of crucial importance for any science. Thus, from positivist perspective it can be claimed that social phenomena are not distributed in accordance with certain or specific types, where the members of these types are homogenous (Cassell, 2002). In other words, positivist vision or methodology implemented in social sciences is not relevant to the fullest extent. Sociological phenomena are of inhomogeneous nature. For example, a structure of any sociological object or phenomena cannot be considered in accordance with specific features or characteristics, w hich are relevant at all times. Moreover, social processes and generalizations cannot be characterized simultaneously in accordance with homogenous characteristics. For sociological sciences it is of crucial importance to formulate specific hypotheses focused on special sociological events or imagination. A development of sociological theory is one possible way to develop explanations concerning sociological events or objects. Therefore, positivism is often criticized as irrelevant methodology applied for social inquiry. Social science requires development of special approaches focused on â€Å"contingency, heterogeneity, path-dependence, and particularity corresponding to the plasticity of

Mis Education of the Negro :: essays research papers

Long before the Civil War the mis-education of Negroes began. Missionaries were sent south to teach freed slaves and schools began to form. Rather than help the Negroes develop they instead set out to transform them into what they wanted them to be, allowing them to learn what they wanted them to learn. Freed men who considered themselves well educated taught other freed men, but had no curriculum other than that made by whites for whites educating Negroes away from there history. Negroes were left out of all educational curriculum except to condemn them or portray them as savages. Whites were tough to hate Negroes and Negroes were taught to feel inferior to whites. Negroes were not allowed there rightful place in Science not telling students that ancient Africans knew sufficient science. Not telling them about how they made poisons for there arrow heads and mixed colors to create paint. They left out Negro inventors altogether often claming there inventions as there own. Negroes were never taught about what they brought over from Africa, there ideas or there influences. Nothing was taught about African language and in literature the Africans were never mentioned. Negro doctors were taught that they were carriers of germs such as syphilis and tuberculosis which began as a white man diseases, but because they had not developed a immunity to theses diseases yet in became wide spread among the Negro community . Negro lawyers were taught that they belonged to the most criminal element in the country. The Supreme Court permitted the judicial nullification of the 14th and 15th amendment. In history the Negro was portrayed as having no thought and nothing to contribute. Mis Education of the Negro :: essays research papers Long before the Civil War the mis-education of Negroes began. Missionaries were sent south to teach freed slaves and schools began to form. Rather than help the Negroes develop they instead set out to transform them into what they wanted them to be, allowing them to learn what they wanted them to learn. Freed men who considered themselves well educated taught other freed men, but had no curriculum other than that made by whites for whites educating Negroes away from there history. Negroes were left out of all educational curriculum except to condemn them or portray them as savages. Whites were tough to hate Negroes and Negroes were taught to feel inferior to whites. Negroes were not allowed there rightful place in Science not telling students that ancient Africans knew sufficient science. Not telling them about how they made poisons for there arrow heads and mixed colors to create paint. They left out Negro inventors altogether often claming there inventions as there own. Negroes were never taught about what they brought over from Africa, there ideas or there influences. Nothing was taught about African language and in literature the Africans were never mentioned. Negro doctors were taught that they were carriers of germs such as syphilis and tuberculosis which began as a white man diseases, but because they had not developed a immunity to theses diseases yet in became wide spread among the Negro community . Negro lawyers were taught that they belonged to the most criminal element in the country. The Supreme Court permitted the judicial nullification of the 14th and 15th amendment. In history the Negro was portrayed as having no thought and nothing to contribute.

The Movie “Cast Away.”

The movie â€Å"Cast Away† was one of 2000's best movies. IT was about a â€Å"FedEx† worker, whose plane he was on board to deliver international packages had crashed over the ocean. All passengers on that plane had died in the crash, leaving him alone on an island to survive. He was forced to live on that island for four years with only a flashlight, a picture of his fiancee and some random packages that should been delivered and could have not been any more unusable.The movie showed how he was so professional at his job that even though he was left all alone on that island, it took him quiet some time to open the packages he was not supposed to open. He had to check what the content of those packages were and whether there was anything he could make use of. Between all the packages he had to violate by opening, was a volley ball which a grandmother had wanted it to be delivered to her grandson.I was so touched when I saw how he had cut the ball from the top and stuck in some dead leaves, just to make it look like human-like so he would keep his mental status balanced. Of course, he had never stopped thinking about his fiancee while he was on that island. He had drawn a portrait of her with a chock to keep him accompanied in the cave he had resided in. 4 years after he went back home, when he was found by a near by people on a boat, he had found his fiancee married to his doctor friend.Soon after, his ex-fiancee couldn't help it but have mixed feelings as to whether keep things the way they are with her husband, or to get into an affair with him since they had been in love for so long before his disappearance. The movie was so thought of, and triggered many emotions for the viewers. The fact that the main character had to do many long scenes just by himself required a high level of talent. The story of the movie as well as the plot were new and conveyed many emotions, that for me, would put the movie on my top 10 best movies of all time.